Aryl and alkyl alkenylphosphonates



Patented July 25, 1950 ARYL AND ALKYL ALKENYL- PHOSPHONATES Willard H. Woodstock, Crete, 11]., assignor to Viotor Chemical Works, a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application October 17, 1947, Serial N 0. 780,591

8 Claims. 1

This invention relates to aryl and alkyl alkenyl-phosphonates in which the aryl and alkyl groups each contain from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and the entire compound contains a total of more than 14, but not more than 24 carbon atoms. In the case of aryl groups, there will, of course, be from 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

The method of producing such compositions is disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 590,956, filed April 28, 1945, now Patent No. 2,471,472. This application is a continuation-inpart thereof. This application is also a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 643,772, filed January 26, 1946, Patent No. 2,497,920, patented February 21, 1950. The latter application is itself a continuation-in-part of the first application.

While the method of making the phosphonate is described in detail in application Serial No. 590,956, the esters are produced by first forming an addition product of an oleiine and PC15, and reacting that compound with P205 to produce a phosphorus oxydichloride which is then esterilied. For example. dioctyl styryl-l-phosphonate ester may be prepared by first forming styryl-lphosphorus oxydichloride and reacting it with an excess of anhydrous 2-ethylhexanol (octyl alcohol) at a temperature below 30 C.

The following examples illustrate typical procedures for preparing other alkenylphosphonates of this invention. These alkenylphosphonates have plasticizing properties especially when used with vinyl chloride polymers. nitrocellulose, ethyloellulose and cellulose acetate.

Example I The dioctyl styryl-l-phosphonate ester was prepared by adding one gram mole of styryl-lphosphorus oxydichloride (from Example 1 of application No. 590,956) to an excess of anhydrous Z-ethylhexanol (octyl alcohol) at a tem-- perature below 30 C. The mixture was then placed under vacuum and held 1 hour at 30 C., 1 hour at 50 C., and 1 hour at 75 C. The excess alcohol and last traces of hydrogen chloride were removed at a higher temperature. ester was then distilled over a temperature of The dioctyl 2 235-240 C. (4 mm. pressure) and redistilled for purification. The purified ester was a clear almost colorless liquid having a specific gravity of 0.973, a boiling point of 238-240 C. (3 mm. pressure), and formed a glassy solid at -79" C. This product is an excellent plasticizing agent for vinyl and cellulose ester type resins because of its extremely low volatility and ability to impart low temperature flexibility to the plasticized resins.

Example II One mole equivalent of the isooctenyl-i-phosphorus oxydichloride (from Example 2 of application No. 590,956) was slowly added to four mole equivalents (100% excess) of octyl alcohol fz-ethylhexanol) which had been cooled to below 30 C. The mixture was placed under vacuum and held for one hour at 30 0.. one hour at C. and one hour at C. The excess alcohol was then distilled off at a higher temperature, and finally the crude dioctyl isooctenyl phosphonate ester was distilled, and purified by redistillation at near its boiling point of 214 C. at 4 mm. Hg pressure.

Example III One mole equivalent of the styryl-l-phosphorus oxydichloride (from Example 1 of application No. 590,956) was added to four mole equivalents excess) of n-butanol at a temperature of less than 30 C. The mixture was then heated under vacuum for 1 hour at 30 C., 1 hour at 50 C., 1 hour at 75 C. and then at a higher ternperature to distill oil the excess butanol and finally at about ZOO-205 C. to distill over the di-n-butyl styrylphosphonate ester.

Example IV The diphenyl ester of styryl-l-phosphonic acid was prepared by reacting styryl-l-phosphorus oxydichloride with sodium phenolate. 20 grams of styryl-i-phcsphorus oxydichloride (from Example 1 of application No. 590,956) was dissolved in 50 grams of phenol at 40-60 C. and slowly added to 25 grams sodium phenolate in grams phenol and the mixture stirred. After the reaction was complete the mixture was poured into a solution of 135 grams NaOH in 1200 cc. water. The sets: product precipitated out as a granular material weighing 26 grams, which represented a yield of 85%. On recrystallization from methanol the pure diphenyl-l-styryl phosphonate ester product had a true melting point of 109 C.

4 taining from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and Y is either oxygen or suliur. The compound preferably has a total of more than 14, but no more than 24 carbon atoms.

5 The following table shows some of the properties 01 some typical compounds within the formula:

Eve ra- Water Boiling Point 0 pound Freezing Point, C. tlon ts, Solubility.

om gleq. cm. giliter Di-n-but let I- h bcnate 310- (3 mm.) Glassy at -76 0.100 0.0190 Dl-i-am styrfi-p osp onate 210-12 (4 mm.) Glmy at 73 0.005 0. 01m D'lOCtYI styryl-ph honate-. 238-40 (3 mm.) Glassy at 19 0. 0011 0.0169 D'roctyl -butenyl osplmnatel ill-6 (3 mm Semi-solid at B0 e 0.032 0. 0150 D---i-amyl iocteny phospbonata. i643 (4 mm) Very viscous at -80... 0.00! 0.0140 D-netyl l-octenyl-phoephcmle. 214 (4 mm Semi-solid at B0 1. 0. 0075 04 034.5

trample V The diphenyl ester of styryl-l-thiophosphonic acid was prepared in substantially the same mannor as the diphenyl ester of styryl-l-phosphonic acid, by reacting 20 grams styryl-l-phosphorus sulfodichloride with g. sodium phenolate in 200 g. of phenol. On pouring the reacted mixture into a solution of 185 grams NaOH in 1200 cc. water, a theoretical yield of a crude crystalline product melting at 75-79 C. was obtained. On recrystallizing from 160 cc. of methanol a pure crystalline diphenyl styryl-i-thiophosphonate ester was obtained which had a melting point of Dicctyl styrylphosphonate is a particularly good plasticizer as it has a very low evaporation rate of 0.0011 gram per sq. cm. of surface in 100 hours at 100 C. Any phosphonate ester may be used as a plasticizer so long as it does not have an evaporation rate over 0.10 gram under the constrong, clear, and flexible.

The above phosphonates are compatible with ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate. and vinyl chloride polymer resins, and are excellent plasticizers for these resins in amounts from 20% to by weight of the plastieized product, except that the octyl esters are not compatible with cellulose acetate. The term vinyl chloride polymer as used in the claims is intended to mean a resin containing at least 80% vinyl chloride and from zero to 20% vinyl acetate.

The following table shows plasticizing tests made with the above-named resins prepared by mixing the resins with the plasticizers specified, dissolving them in a suitable solvent and casting them into a thin coating or film and evaporating oil the solvent. The films thus produced were They showed no tendency toward separation of the plasticizer, and except for the nitrocellulose containing films, all showed improved flame resistance.

Per Cent Volatility (5 hrs. at Resin Plastlciser 0' Plastic Solvent C) iootyl styrylphoephonate 26 Methyl ethyl kctone. 1% of plasticizeri Co lymer of vinyl chlo- Dioctyl i-octenylphosphonate 8'7 of plasticizer.

do, 5% viny l a atate. Dibutyl styrylphospbonate n Dioctyl l-butenylnhosphonate... Dibutyl i-butenylphosplionate 1 Dibutyli-octen lplmsphonate Dioctyl styrylp osphonate 1 13% of plastizicer. 39% of plastic-icon ..l of plasticizer. ,do of plasticizer. Methyl ethyl kelone 1% of plasticizer.

But i acetate Ethy Dib t lstyryl h h t as Tomi, my 1 x r a uy posponae r 1 o o DESK. er. Nitmmuulo Dioetyl ioctenylphoephonateni 12% of plasticizer. Dibutyl i-butenylpboephonate 38'? oi plasiicizr-r. Dioctyl i-butenylphosphonata. 38; oi plasticizcr. Dibutyl ioctenKlplloeplionateo! iasticizer. Dioctyl styrylp osplionate 4% of p asticizer.

Dioctyl i-octenylphosphonate.-. 16% of plasticizer. Ethyl Dibutyl styrylphosphonale 18% of plasticizer Dibutyl i-octenylphosphonate Zi% of plasticizer Dbutyl i-butenylphosphonate- 30% plasticizer D'oet -butenylphosphonate 31, of plasfleilier 3:": sa s more 'uy -uenyposp onae. o astczer. 0011mm D'but -octenylphospl1onate ..do 51% of plasticiner.

Octyl esters .1 Not compatible Mixed solvent: 207 math?! eth iketone,

I Mixed solvent: 0 toluo and ethyl acl ditions given above. The aryl or alkyl alkenylphosphonates that are useful as plasticizers have the following formula:

20V butgl acetate, 30% ethyl alcohol, and 30% tolnol (by weight).

03101 yweight).

While some of the volatility figures given in 55 the above table appear high, it does not mean that the particular ester is unsatisfactory as a plasticizer. For thick coatings and cast plastic articles the volatility of the plasticizer is of considerably less importance than it is in the thin film. Furthermore, the volatility test is intended as a highly accelerated aging indication, and at normal temperatures the plastlcizing esters shown above show little or no tendency to vaporize and are highly satisfactory in most commercial plaseach either an alkyl or an aryl radical each 0011- I5 tic applications.

Sweat- Flex. TgIEl-pn aim 1 in which Heat Stability, Hr. at I60 0.

Oil 26 C.

nmmwmmumnmn Per cent loss in days [mm .004 in. illm Air Water 60 C. C.

butyi styryl-l-phosphonate.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATEB PATENTS 8. A dloctyl styryl-l-phosphonste.

5. A compound as set forth in cl Y is oxygen.

6. A dioctyl lso 7. A di-n- The following ref flle of this patent:

Percent Elongation 10 C. 25 C. C.

cmwcccmcmmmo B06 (1 end 5% vinyl mutate.

Per cent Want cmm'i i ing only. and be understood chloride vinyl d. Eng. Chem. 35

Oln

Porboent Weht I i I The following table shows additional tests upon certain of the phosphonates' Plmtlclzer Dioctyl styrylphosphonate.

Dioctyl i-butenylphosphonate.

Diociyl l-octonylphosp to.

Test prooedumsaledescrlhedinln 1 Vinyl chloride The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understand ry limitations should I claim:

1. A plasticizing ester compound having the following structural formula:

no unnecessa therefrom.

Mfifl N. mono. 9 0 9 6 i.. m u n m m h "C m m m m u m m n n n R as :m e s h n m mmm E m m N 5 J1 mw d sewn m a m mu N2222 W a m d mu m mm mm mmm m m mmc mie .m o m mm nm mm m 3%.... mm m m m a h ewl m mfl U m mm mu m m mma m m m m w fl a Rumm dm mm in m. m Lm lwmm mmmmmmmmm Ber. deutsch. Chem. Ges.. vol. 66 (1933), pp. 286-291. vol. (Oct. 1944).

24 carbon atoms. Bergmann et 8-1.2 Ber. deutsch. Chem. Ges.

2. A compound as set forth in claim 1 in which mi 5! 93 pp, 14554480.

Y is sulfur. Bergmann et 2.1.:

3. A compound as set forth in claim 1 in which R1 is hydro en and R: is a ph nyl sm p- "Chemical Industries,

4. A compound as set forth in claim 1 in which pages 580-581,

R1 is hydrogen and R: is an albl group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. 

1. A PLASTICIZING ESTER COMPOUND HAVING THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURAL FORMULA: 